Caviar: the most expensive food in the world
Caviar: the most expensive food in the world
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The French palate was not very refined at that time; despite the royal rejection, however, the Russians and Persians were the first to commercialise caviar all over the world. Back in the 16th century, it was even being eaten in the United States, although, oddly, by the poorer classes.
It is because of the sturgeon that only a minority these days can enjoy this delicacy. The fish looks ugly, tastes worse, and produces what are the golden eggs of contemporary gastronomy. Of the 24 species of sturgeon that exist in the world, five live in the Caspian Sea, but only four produce edible caviar (the most famous is the Beluga sturgeon). The extraction process is highly delicate. It is important not to kill the sturgeon, because once it is dead, the fish produces a bitter substance which ruins the flavour of the caviar. To avoid this, a blow behind the head puts the fish to sleep, and within ten minutes, the eggs are extracted and tinned.
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Russia and Iran are currently the world’s main producers of wild caviar. However, abuses in the capture of the species and illegal trade mean that wild sturgeon are now almost extinct.
Swimming pool caviar
Sturgeons bred in captivity have become a practical alternative in many European countries. France is the world’s biggest producer of farmed caviar, especially in the Gironde region, which, through over-exploitation, has lost the wild sturgeon which were originally to be found there. Other countries such as Spain, Sweden, Uruguay and the United States are trying to break into this one market which does not seem to have been affected by the recession. The current price in Europe for farmed caviar is about 1.443 euros (£1.22) per kilogramme, compared to 2.103 euros (£1.78) for Iranian Beluga.
However, even the poor can have access to caviar sometimes. Germany was the most socialist of them all when it began to sell what became known as ‘German caviar’ or ‘red caviar’ at accessible prices, although it is produced in Iceland, Norway or Denmark rather than in Germany, and has a slightly more salty taste than caviar.
However, for examples of fake caviar, we need to come back to France. In Russia, the word for purée is ‘икра’ (‘ikra’ – which means caviar). Euphemistically, the French call courgette or aubergine purée ‘caviar’, leading to linguistic confusion – no doubt the fault of some heir to Louis XV’s palate.
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